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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Locke v. Karass ： ウィキペディア英語版 Locke v. Karass ''Locke v. Karass'', , 129 S. Ct. 798 (2009), is a court case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Constitution permits the local chapter of a labor union to charge a "service fee" to non-members to cover non-local litigation expenses if (a) the expenses are "appropriately related to collective bargaining" and (b) there is a reciprocal relationship between the local chapter and the national union.〔''Locke v. Karass'', 555 U.S. ___ (2008) (No. 07-610), p. 1.〕 The case expanded on and clarified the earlier ''Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Association'', which permitted such service fees for non-political activities but did not reach a consensus on whether "national" expenses were chargeable.〔''Locke v. Karass'', 555 U.S. ___ (2008) (No. 07-610), p. 2.〕 ==Background== The Maine State Employees Association is the exclusive bargaining agent for certain employees of Maine's executive branch.〔 The Association is also Local 1989 of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU). Per the terms of Maine's collective bargaining agreement with the association all non-member employees represented by the union must pay a "service fee"; effectively union dues but recalculated to include only the amount which would go to "ordinary representational activities, ''e.g.'', collective bargaining or contract administration."〔 The Supreme Court previously upheld such arrangements in ''Lehnert'', but was unable to reach agreement on whether national litigation was "chargeable": that is, whether a union may include such costs as part of a service fee charged to non-union employees.〔''Locke v. Karass'', 555 U.S. ___ (2008) (No. 07-610), p. 5-6.〕 Non-member employees challenged the inclusion of national litigation costs by the parent SEIU in arbitration but the arbitrator deemed the inclusion lawful.〔''Locke v. Karass'', 555 U.S. ___ (2008) (No. 07-610), p. 4.〕 Concurrent with the arbitration the employees brought suit in federal court, alleging a First Amendment violation. The District Court found the fee lawful, and the Court of Appeals upheld the district on appeal. The Supreme Court granted certiorari to resolve a split between the circuits (compare ''Otto v. Pennsylvania State Educ. Assn.-NEA'' and ''Pilots Against Illegal Dues v. Air Line Pilots Assn'').〔''Locke v. Karass'', 555 U.S. ___ (2008) (No. 07-610), p. 3-4.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Locke v. Karass」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.